The Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets (VAAFM) has initiated a monthly bulk milk sampling program to monitor for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in dairy cattle to protect Vermont’s dairy farms and the state’s agricultural economy. This proactive measure aligns with a USDA mandate to test Grade A milk nationwide following the first detection of HPAI H5N1 in dairy cattle in Texas last March.
The sampling program aims to identify potential infections early, help contain the spread of HPAI, and safeguard animal health and Vermont’s dairy industry. Although Vermont has not reported cases of the dairy cattle HPAI strain, the state has experienced isolated incidents of the avian flu strain in birds, including as recently as last month.
Monthly sampling for early detection
VAAFM employees have already begun collecting unpasteurized milk samples from all Grade A milk-producing farms across the state.
These samples will be tested in a lab for the dairy cattle HPAI strain that has impacted herds in 16 states. The USDA funds the testing process, ensuring there are no additional costs to farms and no expected changes to farm operations.
Dairy farmers were informed of the program through letters and communication with dairy cooperatives and partners. Trained agency staff will visit each farm once a month to collect samples.
Protecting the food supply and public health
The program’s primary goal is to detect and address any unknown infections, preventing potential disruptions to the food supply and mitigating risks to public health. Pasteurization has been proven effective in inactivating the HPAI virus, ensuring milk remains safe for consumption.
Infected cows, while typically producing “abnormal” milk that must be disposed of, generally recover without experiencing life-threatening illness.
If a sample tests positive for HPAI, the farm will be promptly notified, and affected raw milk will be pasteurized or safely disposed of. The Vermont State Veterinarian and Animal Health staff will work closely with farms to prevent the virus’s spread while supporting on-site care for affected cattle.
While the risk of HPAI transmission to humans remains low, farmers and others who work closely with raw milk or infected animals are advised to stay vigilant.
To date, only a small number of human infections linked to dairy cattle have been reported, most of which were minor.
The Vermont Agency of Agriculture emphasizes the importance of keeping the state’s dairy farms HPAI-free to protect the industry’s economic and cultural significance.
“Testing milk for HPAI is an important step to ensure early detection and effective response, keeping our farms and food supply safe,” a VAAFM spokesperson stated.
